In addition to treating smallpox disease, tecovirimat could also be used under an investigational new drug IND protocol to treat adverse reactions from vaccinia virus vaccination. In laboratory tests, brincidofovir has been shown to stop the growth of the virus that causes smallpox and to be effective in treating animals that had diseases similar to smallpox.
Brincidofovir has not been tested in people who are sick with smallpox, but it has been given to healthy people and people with other viral infections. Test results in people who received brincidofovir for bone marrow transplants showed the most common side effects were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
In laboratory tests, cidofovir has also been shown to stop the growth of the virus that causes smallpox and to be effective in treating animals that had diseases similar to smallpox. Cidofovir has not been tested in people who are sick with smallpox, but has been tested in healthy people and in those with other viral illnesses. This drug continues to be evaluated for effectiveness and toxicity. Cidofovir is not FDA-approved for the treatment of variola virus infections, but could be used during an outbreak under an appropriate regulatory mechanism such as an investigational new drug [IND] protocol or Emergency Use Authorization.
Available through IND protocol for smallpox treatment? Available in Strategic National Stockpile? Related Links. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. Show references Friedman HM, et al. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of smallpox. Accessed Feb. Smallpox vaccine: Drug information. Smallpox vaccine: Patient drug information. Hall JB, et al. Biological warfare. In: Principles of Critical Care.
New York, N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Frequently asked questions and answers on smallpox. World Health Organization. Friedman HM, et al. Smallpox ravaged human populations for thousands of years, but in Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox lesions could provide immunity to smallpox. This led to the creation of the first vaccine for a disease. It took some time, but in the World Health Organization officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated.
An extract of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea halted viral replication. Historical sources suggest that in the s, when smallpox still posed a serious threat, the Micmac native Americans of Nova Scotia treated the disease using a botanical infusion derived from the insectivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea , a species of pitcher plant.
Now, Jeffrey Langland at Arizona State University in Tempe, US, and colleagues have conducted in vitro experiments with the herbal extract and found it inhibits replication of the variola virus, the causative agent behind smallpox. Although, natural smallpox no longer poses a health threat, there is a remote possibility that unstable states or terrorist groups could have acquired stocks of the virus following the collapse of the Soviet Union, which had developed smallpox as a biological warfare agent.
Vaccinations are still administered to at risk groups including researchers working with poxviruses and members of the US military who could potentially be exposed to the virus through biological warfare. But since the risk is so low for populations at large, it is hard to justify vaccinating everyone, particularly because the vaccine can have serious side effects.
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